Sunday, May 17, 2009

beberapa singkatan

Berikut adalah daftar beberapa singkatan yang sering digunakan dalam penerbangan:

AAL



Above Aerodrome Level

ABN


Abnormal

ACARS


ARINC Communications and Reporting System

ACM -


Air Cycle Machine

ACP


Audio Control Panel

ACT


Additional Center Tank

A/C



Aircraft

AGL



Above Ground Level

AH



Alert Height

AIP



Aeronautical Information Publication

ALS



Approach Landing System

ALT



Altitude

ALTN



Alternate

AMSL



Above Mean Sea Level

AOM



Aerodrome Operating Minima / Aeroplane Operating Matters/Manual

A/P



Auto-Pilot

APU



Auxiliary Power Unit

ASAP



As Soon As Possible

ASR



Air Safety Report

APCH



Approach

ATA



Actual Time of Arrival

ATC



Air Traffic Control

ATD



Actual Time of Departure

AWO



All Weather Operations

AWY



Airway

BC



Back Course

BCM



Back Course Marker

BCN



Beacon

BDRY



Boundary

BKN



Broken

BLDG



Building

CAT



Clear Air Turbulence

CAT 1



Landing Category 1 (2 or 3)

CAT 2



Category 2 All Weather Operations

CAT 3



Category 3 All Weather Operations

CAVOK



Ceiling and Visibility OK

C/B



Circuit Breaker

CL



Centerline Lights

COM



Communications Equipment

CRM



Crew resource Management

CRZ



Cruise

D



Day

DA



Decision altitude

DEST



Destination

Dev



Deviation

DH



Decision Height

DIST



Distance

DME



Distance Measuring Equipment

DOW & I



Dry Operating Weight and Index

E



East

EDP



Electronic Data Processing

ELEV



Elevation

EMER



Emergency

ETA



Estimated Time of Arrival

ETD



Estimated Time of Departure

ETOPS



Extended Twin Operations

ETP



Equi Time Point

EXP



Exit Point (ETOPS)

F



Fahrenheit

FIR



Flight Information Region

FIS



Flight Information Services

FL



Flight Level

FLT



Flight

FMS



Flight Management System

ft



Feet

GA



Go-around

GMT



Greenwich Mean Time

GND



Ground

G/S



Glide Slope

GS



Ground Speed

H



Hour

H24



24 Hour Service

HF



High Frequency (3 to 30 MHz)

HI



High / High Intensity Light

Hg



Mercury

hPa



hecto Pascal

Hrs



Hours

Hz



Hertz (cycles per second)

IAL



Instrument Approach and Landing Chart

IAS



Indicated Air Speed

IATA



International Air Transport Association

ICAO



International Civil Aviation Organisation

IFPS



Integrated Flight Planning System

IFR



Instrument Flight Rules

ILS



Instrument Landing System

IMC



Instrumental Meteorological Conditions

in



inch(es)

ISA



International Standard Atmosphere

ISO



International Standard Organisation

KCAS



Knots Calibrated Airspeed

kg



kilogram

kHz



kilohertz

km



kilometer

kts



knots

L



Light / Left

LCTR



Locator (Compass)

LD



Landing Distance

LDA



Landing Distance Available

LDG



Landing

LLZ



Localizer

LMC



Last Minute Changes

LMT



Local Mean Time

LPC



Less Paper Cockpit

LOC



Localizer

LVP



Low Visibility Procedures

m



meter

MAP



Missed Approach Point

MAX



Maximum

mb



Millibar

MDA/H



Minimum Descent Altitude / Height

MHz



Megahertz

MID



Middle Runway Portion

MLW



Maximum Landing Weight

mm



Millimeter

MNPS



Minimum Navigation Performance Specification

MOCA



Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude

MORA



Minimum Off-Route Altitude

MSA



Minimum Safe (or Sector) Altitude

MSL



Mean Sea Level

MTOW



Maximum Take Off Weight

MZFW



Maximum Zero Fuel Weight

N



North

NA



Not Applicable

NAV



Navigation

NE



Northeast

NM



Nautical Miles

NDB



Non Directional Beacon

NOTAM



Notice To Airmen

NW



Northwest

OAT



Outside Air Temperature

OCA (H)



Obstacle Clearance Altitude (Height)

OEW



Operating Empty Weight

OM



Operations Manual / Outer Marker

OPS



Operations

PAN-OPS



Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations

PAPI



Precision Approach Path Indicator

PAR



Precision Approach Radar

PCN



Pavement Classification Number

PERF



Performance

PFD



Primary Flight Display

PPR



Prior Permission Required

QDM



Magnetic Bearing to facility

QDR



Magnetic Bearing from facility

QFE



Actual atmosphere pressure at airport elevation

QFU



Magnetic Orientation of Runway

QNE



Sea level standard atmosphere (1013 hPa or 29.92’’ Hg)

QNH



Actual atmosphere pressure at sea level based on local station pressure

RA



Radio Altitude / Radio Altimeter / Resolution Advisories

REF



Reference

RFF



Rescue Fire Fighting

RH



Right Hand

RPL



Repetitive Flight Plan

RNP



Required Navigation Performance

ROR



Record of Revision

RPL



Repetitive flight plan

RTO



Rejected Take Off

RTOW



Regulated Take Off Weight

RVR



Runway Visual Range

RVSM



Reduced Vertical separation Minima

RWY



Runway

S



South

SAR



Search and Rescue

SE



Southwest

SID



Standard Instrument Departure

SIGMET



Information concerning en-route weather phenomena, which may affect the safety of aircraft operations

SNOWTAM



Snow Notice to Airmen

SPD



Speed

SRA



Surveillance Radar Approach

SRE



Surveillance Radar Element of Precision Approach Radar System

STAR



Standard Terminal Arrival Route

STD



Standard

SW



Southwest

TA



Traffic Advisories

TAF



Terminal Aerodrome Forecast

TAS



True Air Speed

TAT



Total Air Temperature

TBC



To Be Confirmed

TBD



To Be Determined

TBN



To Be Notified

TCAS



Traffic Collision Alert System (Traffic Collision and Avoidance System)

TDZ



Touch down Zone

TEMP



Temperature

TEMPO



Temporary

T/O



Take-Off

TOC



Top Of Climb

TOD



Top Of Descent

TODA



Take-Off Distance Available

TOGA



Take-Off / Go-Around

TOGW



Take-Off Gross Weight

TORA



Take-Off Run Available

TOW



Take-Off Weight

TWR



Tower

TWY



Taxiway

UHF



Ultra High Frequency (300-3000 mHz)

U/S



Unserviceable

UTC



Co-ordinated Universal Time,sama dengan GMT

VASI



Visual Approach Slope Indicator

VFE



Maximum Speed Flaps / Slats Extended

VFR



Visual Flight Rules

VFTO



Speed Final T/O

VHF



Very High Frequency (30-300 MHz)

VIS



Visibility

VMC



Visual Meteorological Conditions

VOR



VHF Omni-directional Range

V/S



Vertical Speed

W



West

WPT



Way-point

WX



Weather

WXR



Weather Radar

Z



Zulu Time (UTC/GMT)

ZFCG



Zero Fuel Centre of Gravity

ZFW



Zero Fuel Weight